A newly formed cold chain operator proposes to buy the USDA-inspected cold storage and food processing plant at 201 N Harris St, Cordele, Crisp County, Georgia, with a USDA Business and Industry guaranteed loan. The plant is a 25,615 square foot building on 11.05 acres, built in 1978 and renovated in 2021, with a 1,200-pallet freezer, a 102-pallet blast freezer, a temperature-controlled processing room, two dock-high doors and a drive-in, a quarter mile from the Cordele Inland Port and a mile from Interstate 75, listed at $3,750,000. Cordele's 10,220 residents put the site inside the program's rural area, the loan exceeds $1,000,000 to a new business, so the regulation requires an independent feasibility study, and the fiscal 2026 terms give the lender an 85 percent guarantee. As proposed, at the asking price, the 20 percent equity the program requires of a new business and a 25-year amortization, the buyer's own plan at 92 percent occupancy has a debt service coverage ratio (DSCR) of 1.17 times in its first year and never reaches 1.25 times, and on MMCG's occupancy ramp the plant covers at 0.32 times in Year 1 and 1.06 times in Year 5. Restructured with a take-or-pay anchor contract on 600 pallet positions, a purchase price not exceeding $3,500,000, 25 percent equity of $1,085,800, a 30-year amortization and a $150,000 reserve, the plant covers at 1.16 times in Year 2, 1.29 times in Year 3 and 1.42 times in Year 5. Determination: not feasible as proposed; feasible as restructured, conditioned on the anchor contract, the seller's trailing blast-freezing and throughput volumes, the refrigerant and ammonia charge, the city's confirmation of the LI zoning, and the fiscal 2027 program terms.
Model study prepared by MMCG Invest | Michal Mohelsky, J.D., FMVA | October 3, 2026
Study at a Glance
| Item | Finding |
|---|---|
| Subject | 201 N Harris St, Cordele, GA 31015, Crisp County; parcel C40-005; 11.05 acres; 25,615 square feet on the listing (29,404 in the brochure); built 1978, renovated 2021; 22 foot ceiling; two dock-high doors and one 12 by 16 foot drive-in; 54 parking spaces; compressors four to five years old |
| Capacity | 1,200 pallet positions in the freezer, 102 in the blast freezer, a 28 to 45 degree processing room; USDA FSIS establishment I54264, active, granted February 5, 2019, certified for export and meat and poultry identification; 98 percent occupied per the brochure |
| Listing | $3,750,000, $146 per square foot, Bird Commercial Real Estate on LoopNet, CityFeet and Showcase; a Coldwell Banker Commercial brochure also circulates |
| Zoning | LI, Light Industrial, per the broker; City of Cordele Section 655 permits food processing plants that do not slaughter or clean carcasses on the premises, and wholesale warehouses and distribution facilities; the parcel's district on the city map is a condition |
| Program | USDA Business and Industry guaranteed loan to a new business; 85 percent guarantee under $5,000,000; 3.0 percent upfront and 0.55 percent annual fees at fiscal 2026 terms; feasibility study required under 7 CFR 5001.306(a)(3)(i) |
| Total Subject Project Cost | $4,612,200 as proposed; $4,343,100 as restructured, including $250,000 of racking and controls, $200,000 of working capital and a $150,000 reserve |
| Stabilized revenue (Year 3) | $1,086,000 at 86 percent occupancy: $390,300 storage, $234,200 handling, $366,500 blast freezing, $95,000 export and inspection services; about $88 per occupied pallet-month all in, $50 for storage and handling alone |
| DSCR (as proposed, MMCG ramp) | 0.32x Year 1, 0.67x Year 2, 0.91x Year 3, 1.02x Year 4, 1.06x Year 5 |
| DSCR (restructured) | 0.88x Year 1, 1.16x Year 2, 1.29x Year 3, 1.37x Year 4, 1.42x Year 5 |
| Break-even occupancy (Year 3, restructured, blast at 50 percent) | 34.0 percent before debt, 74.3 percent at 1.0x DSCR, 84.3 percent at 1.25x, against 86 percent forecast |
| Determination | Not feasible as proposed; feasible as restructured, conditioned on a take-or-pay anchor contract for not less than 600 positions, the seller's trailing twenty-four months of occupancy, throughput and blast volumes, a refrigeration engineer's report on the plant and its refrigerant charge, the City of Cordele's confirmation of the LI district and the use, and the loan being obligated at the published program terms |
Determination
MMCG concludes that the proposed acquisition of the Cordele cold storage plant is not feasible as proposed and is feasible as restructured. The plant has what a new cold storage project in 2026 must have and usually lacks: an operating history at 98 percent occupancy, a blast freezer and a USDA inspection grant that let it earn service revenue rather than commodity storage rates, an inland port with container rail to Savannah a quarter mile away, and a position inside the South Georgia poultry, pecan and vegetable belt where the national operators' surplus capacity sits in the Atlanta and port markets rather than in the producing counties. The proposal fails on the capital stack and on the plan behind it. At $3,750,000 and the program's 20 percent minimum for a new business, a $3,689,800 loan at 8.00 percent over 25 years costs $341,700 a year, and a 25,615 square foot plant cannot earn that and its operating cost from storage and handling at the national operators' rates: on the buyer's own plan at 92 percent occupancy, well above the 76 percent the national public operators report, coverage is 1.17 times in Year 1 and 1.24 times in Year 5, and on an occupancy ramp that starts at 70 percent and reaches 85 percent, coverage is 0.32 times in the first year and 1.06 times in the fifth.
Restructured, the plant works, because the restructuring changes the revenue question rather than the price alone. A take-or-pay contract with a regional processor or grower cooperative for 600 of the 1,200 freezer positions puts half the storage income under contract before closing and lifts the occupancy ramp to 80 percent in Year 1 and 86 percent in Year 3; the seller's trailing blast-freezing volumes, which the plant has been producing since its 2021 renovation, support blast utilization of 42 to 50 percent of the cell's capacity at $38 per pallet; the purchase price is conditioned at $3,500,000, 93 percent of the ask; equity rises to 25 percent, or $1,085,800; the amortization runs 30 years on real estate under the program's 40-year limit; and the $150,000 reserve carries the first-year shortfall of $35,800. On that structure the plant covers at 1.16 times in Year 2, 1.29 times in Year 3 and 1.42 times in Year 5, with a Year 3 yield on total project cost of 8.5 percent. The determination is conditioned on the anchor contract, on the seller's operating history, on a refrigeration engineer's report that establishes the refrigerant, the charge and the process safety obligations that follow from it, on the city's confirmation of the zoning, and on the loan being obligated at published program terms, because the fiscal 2026 terms expired on September 30, 2026, no fiscal 2027 notice had been published at the study date, and the Administration's fiscal 2027 budget proposes to end the program.
Scope and Basis of This Model Study
This is an MMCG model study: a complete feasibility analysis performed on a real, publicly marketed cold storage plant using public data, prepared to show Business and Industry lenders, USDA Rural Development staff and cold chain operators how MMCG tests the acquisition of an operating refrigerated facility by a new business against the regulation, the market, the utility tariff and the program. It is not a client engagement. MMCG has no relationship with the owner, the operating company on the site, the listing brokerages or any prospective buyer, and the analysis does not represent an offer, an appraisal or a recommendation to buy the plant. The buyer is a model operator constructed for the study. Figures drawn from the listing and brochure, the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service establishment record, the City of Cordele zoning ordinance, the Crisp County tax digest notice, the Crisp County Power Commission rate schedules, the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service, the Census Bureau, the Federal Register and the Rural Development program pages are identified as such. Figures labeled MMCG assumption are underwriting inputs set by MMCG, including the occupancy ramp, the storage, handling and blast rates, the staffing and the blended power cost. Items that could not be verified from a primary source at the study date are listed in the Conditions and Limitations section rather than estimated silently: the Crisp County assessor's record, the 2025 school and city millage, the parcel's district on the city zoning map, the FEMA panel, the plant's refrigerant and charge, the seller's rent roll of customers and its trailing volumes, the exact block structure of the power commission's general service schedule, and the city's industrial water and sewer rates.
Project Business Plan
The operating company is a new entity formed by principals with cold chain operating experience to acquire the real estate, the refrigeration plant, the racking and the processing room, and to run a public refrigerated warehouse serving three customer groups: poultry and meat processors in South Georgia and southeast Alabama that need blast freezing, USDA identification and export certification for container shipments through the inland port; pecan, blueberry and vegetable growers and packers in the surrounding counties that need seasonal cooler and freezer storage; and regional food distributors that need a forward freezer position on Interstate 75 between Macon and the Florida line. The plan is to continue the plant's existing services from the day of closing, with the existing customers invited to contract, and to add a take-or-pay anchor agreement for 600 positions with a single processor or cooperative before the loan closes. The plant will be staffed with a general manager, four warehouse and forklift operators across two shifts, and a half-time maintenance technician, about 5.5 full-time equivalents, with refrigeration service under contract.
Marketing and sales strategy
The anchor contract is the first sale and the condition of the loan. The second channel is the inland port: Cordele Intermodal Services loads containers for the Port of Savannah on the adjoining terminal, and a freezer with export certification a quarter mile from the ramp is the natural staging point for frozen poultry and pecans bound for Asia and the Middle East. The third channel is seasonal: pecans from Dougherty, Sumter and Crisp counties in the fall, blueberries in the spring, vegetables through the summer, placed by growers and packers who today truck product to Albany, Valdosta or Atlanta. Retention runs on service: blast turnaround, inspection on site and container loading.
Capacity and services
- 1,200 freezer pallet positions; 102 blast freezer positions, about 1,530 pallets a month of blast capacity on a 48-hour cycle
- Temperature-controlled processing room, 28 to 45 degrees, for repack and identification
- USDA FSIS inspection grant I54264 for export certification and meat and poultry identification, no slaughter
- Two dock-high doors and one drive-in; 22 foot ceiling; 54 parking spaces; 11.05 acres with room for expansion
- $250,000 for racking, controls and door and dock upgrades after closing (MMCG assumption)
Site and Location Analysis
The plant sits at 201 N Harris St in the City of Cordele, the seat of Crisp County, on an 11.05-acre parcel, 481,338 square feet, on which the building covers about 5 percent. It is a quarter mile from the Cordele Inland Port, a 40-acre rail-served container terminal in the Crisp County Industrial Park with direct rail to the Georgia Ports Authority's terminals at Savannah and Brunswick, 183 rail miles from Savannah, served by CSX, Norfolk Southern and the Heart of Georgia Railroad, and a mile from Interstate 75, which carries the Atlanta to Florida freight corridor past the city. Cordele had 10,220 residents at the 2020 census and 9,652 at the July 2025 estimate, on 10.14 square miles; Crisp County had 20,128 in 2020. Logistics employers at the port include Cordele Intermodal Services, with more than 125 employees across its companies, and Indian River Transport, a food-grade tank carrier that opened a 15,000 square foot terminal in the city in 2022.
The site's advantage is its position in the production belt and at the port, and its liability is its scale. At 25,615 square feet and 1,302 positions it is a small plant in a national market whose operators run buildings of 200,000 square feet and more, and it cannot compete for the multi-year contracts of national food manufacturers; it can compete for the regional processors and growers that the national networks do not serve from Albany, Valdosta or Dothan, and the study's demand case rests on them. The parcel's flood zone was not retrieved from the FEMA Map Service Center at the study date and is a condition.
Zoning and Entitlement
The City of Cordele Zoning Ordinance governs; the broker states the district as LI, Light Industrial, and the parcel's district on the city's zoning map was not retrievable at the study date. Section 655 of the ordinance establishes the LI district to provide suitable areas for light industrial uses including manufacturing, assembling, research and development, processing, wholesaling and storage. Its permitted uses include food processing plants, such as bakeries, frozen dessert and milk processing, meat packers, fish and poultry houses that do not involve the slaughtering or cleaning of animal carcasses on the premises, and wholesale warehouses and distribution facilities. The plant's FSIS grant covers identification and export certification, not slaughter, and the existing operation sits inside that language. Section 655.4 prohibits operations the board finds noxious or offensive by reason of odor, dust, fumes, smoke, gas or noise, which bears on an ammonia refrigeration plant and is addressed through the refrigeration engineer's report. Section 655.5 sets a minimum lot of 9,000 square feet with 80 feet of frontage, a 30 foot front setback, 12 foot side and 15 foot rear setbacks rising to 22 and 35 feet adjacent to residential districts, a 35 foot height limit and 35 percent maximum building coverage; the plant at 5 percent coverage and 22 feet has room for a second freezer box. Section 510.3(5)(a) requires one parking space for each three employees on the largest shift plus one per company vehicle, which 54 spaces meet many times over; Section 520 requires two loading spaces of 12 by 40 feet with 14 foot clearance for a building of 25,001 to 99,999 square feet, which the two dock doors and the drive-in provide.
The entitlement path is a continuation of an existing use with a building permit for the racking and door work; no rezoning, variance or conditional use is assumed. The study carries two conditions: the city's written confirmation of the LI district for parcel C40-005 and of the cold storage, processing and export uses as permitted, and the refrigeration engineer's confirmation that the plant's refrigerant system meets the ordinance's performance standards and the state and federal process safety rules described below.
Utilities, Fees and Property Tax
Electricity is supplied by the Crisp County Power Commission, a public power system founded in 1925 and a founding member of the Municipal Electric Authority of Georgia, which serves Cordele and about 330 square miles of the county; its service at the parcel is inferred from the service area and is confirmed in the study's conditions. Its rate schedules effective January 2025 offer two routes for a cold storage plant. Schedule 200, General Service, carries a $36.00 base charge, energy charges in four blocks from 23.87 cents to 18.91 cents per kilowatt-hour as the schedule reads, and a demand charge of $10.73 per kilowatt above 30 kilowatts; the energy blocks as published appear to be tied to hours of use against billing demand, and the study carries a blended energy cost of 10.5 cents per kilowatt-hour plus the demand charge as an MMCG assumption pending the commission's confirmation of the block structure. Schedule 310, Agricultural Process Service, carries energy at 7.63 cents in winter and 8.47 cents in summer with demand charges of $9.30 and $31.45 per kilowatt, under a five-year contract, and applies to establishments that provide processing or storage services of agricultural products to individually owned farm operations that retain title to the product; a public warehouse storing product owned by processors and exporters does not qualify on the schedule's face, and the study carries the general service cost; at the plant's load the agricultural schedule's lower energy charge is largely offset by its $31.45 summer demand charge, so the schedule question is one of eligibility and confirmation rather than of savings.
On that basis the plant's electricity is carried at $122,100 in Year 1: about 820,000 kilowatt-hours at 32 kilowatt-hours per square foot a year for a freezer-dominated building, plus a billing demand of 280 kilowatts, both MMCG assumptions pending the seller's utility bills, which the study requires. Natural gas is supplied by the city's own distribution system with a propane-air peaking plant; water and sewer by the City of Cordele, whose system has 9 million gallons a day of water capacity and 5 million gallons a day of wastewater treatment, and whose commercial and industrial rates, tap fees and pretreatment requirements were not published and are carried at $18,000 a year with the industrial user permit as a condition.
Property tax is computed on Georgia's 40 percent assessment ratio. Crisp County's 2025 maintenance and operations rate is 10.770 mills on a net digest of $877.4 million, with 10.508 mills proposed for 2026; the Crisp County Board of Education set 13.785 mills for 2024 and its 2025 rate was not retrieved; the City of Cordele's 2025 rate was not retrieved and is carried at 8.0 mills as an MMCG assumption, for a combined in-city rate of 32.555 mills applied to a fair market value at the purchase price, or $45,600 in the first year at $3,500,000, rising 2 percent a year. The assessor's current record for parcel C40-005 was not retrieved and the assessor may value the plant below the price; both are disclosed.
Trade Area Demographics and the Production Base
The trade area for a regional cold storage plant is the production and processing base within a day's truck round trip, not the resident population. The 2022 Census of Agriculture counts 937,893 acres of land in farms in Crisp County and the six neighboring counties profiled, Dooly, Sumter, Turner, Worth, Wilcox and Dougherty, with $802.3 million of agricultural products sold, 55,089 cattle and calves, and a broiler inventory of 4.0 million in the four counties that disclose it, led by Wilcox at 2.07 million and Sumter at 892,000. Pecans, the crop most dependent on cold storage, cover 10,489 acres in Dougherty County, 6,713 in Sumter and 3,333 in Crisp. Crisp County itself has 176 farms on 121,261 acres with $91.0 million of sales, led by cotton on 47,238 acres and peanuts on 12,744, $8.7 million of vegetable sales and 11,534 cattle. The University of Georgia's 2026 outlook puts blueberries at the head of the state's fruit industry and pecans close behind.
The processing base is the demand the plant serves. BandD Foods opened its eastern United States headquarters and ready-to-eat frozen chicken plant in Americus, Sumter County, in 2020, a $15 million project with more than 100 jobs; Hardee Fresh is building a 350,000 square foot indoor leafy-greens facility in Americus with $90 million of USDA loan guarantees announced in January 2024; Albany, in Dougherty County, hosts Mars Wrigley, Molson Coors, Tara Foods and Sunnyland Farms among its food and beverage manufacturers; and Vertical Cold Storage's two Dothan, Alabama facilities, a freezer acquired in 2024 to serve local poultry producers and a refrigerated warehouse acquired in 2026, show the regional cold chain demand that the national operators are now buying into. The plant's own 98 percent occupancy is the most direct evidence, and the study requires the seller's customer list and trailing volumes to underwrite it.
Demand and Occupancy
The demand model counts pallet positions and throughput against the regional base and against the plant's history. The national public operators run well below full: Lineage reported same-warehouse physical occupancy of 75.8 percent in the second quarter of 2026, and Americold's economic occupancy of 76.0 percent with fifteen idled sites of about 350,000 pallet positions marketed for sale. USDA counts 3.99 billion cubic feet of refrigerated capacity nationally and 304 million in Georgia, the second-largest state, and the growth since 2017 has come in private and semi-private capacity, up 99.5 percent, while public capacity fell 13.3 percent. The national picture is surplus at the top of the market and thin supply in the producing regions, where of the 931 warehouses USDA counts, only 146 hold less than 500,000 cubic feet.
MMCG therefore carries the plant's occupancy at 70 percent in Year 1 without an anchor, rising to 82 percent in Year 3 and 85 percent in Year 5, below the plant's reported 98 percent and above the national operators' 76 percent, on the view that a new operator loses some of the seller's customers in the transfer and rebuilds from the regional base. With the anchor contract for 600 positions the ramp starts at 80 percent and reaches 86 percent in Year 3. Throughput is carried at one turn of occupied positions a month, so handling in and out is earned on about 1,030 pallets a month at stabilization. Blast utilization is carried at 42 percent of the cell's 1,530 pallets a month in Year 1 rising to 50 percent in Year 3, about 765 pallets a month, which the seller's trailing volumes must support; it is the single largest sensitivity in the study.
Competitive Supply
MMCG identified the refrigerated warehouses within about 100 miles of Cordele that could be documented from public sources; sizes and pallet counts were not published for most and are disclosed.
Competitor Number 1 P&B Cold Storage, Valdosta, Lowndes County, Georgia A 200,000 square foot facility in the Westside Industrial Park, an investment of more than $30 million with 100 jobs, scheduled for completion in January 2025; about 85 miles south on Interstate 75. Pallet count not published.
Competitor Number 2 Vertical Cold Storage, Dothan, Houston County, Alabama Two facilities: a freezer acquired in August 2024 that primarily supports local poultry producers with blast freezing and export, and a rail-served refrigerated warehouse at 34 to 50 degrees acquired in June 2026. Sizes not published. About 100 miles southwest.
Competitor Number 3 Georgia Cold Storage, 600 Andrews Road, Columbus, Muscogee County, Georgia A public refrigerated warehouse about 95 miles northwest. Size not published.
Competitor Number 4 Lineage Logistics, Albany, Dougherty County, Georgia A Lineage facility is listed with the Albany chamber of commerce; its address, size and services were not published. About 40 miles southwest.
No refrigerated warehouse was identified in Tifton or Macon. Outside the radius, Ti Cold and Karis Cold announced a $60 million, 30,000-plus pallet facility at Darien in McIntosh County in July 2025, and Vertical Cold Storage acquired a 350,000 square foot, 35,000 pallet facility at Pooler near the Savannah port. Those are the port-side competitors for export staging, and the Cordele plant's answer is the inland port rail link and its position in the production belt.
Published rates for public refrigerated warehousing in Georgia were not found. A September 2026 industry pricing guide puts chilled storage at $15 to $45 per pallet per month and frozen at $25 to $60 nationally, before handling, and Lineage's second-quarter 2026 storage revenue per occupied pallet was $67.28 a quarter, about $22.40 a month, with services revenue of $32.18 per throughput pallet. The study's storage rate of $30 per pallet-month and handling of $18 per pallet round trip sit inside those ranges; its blast rate of $38 per pallet is carried as an MMCG assumption against the seller's rate card, which the study requires.
Pricing and the Revenue Model
Revenue is built per occupied pallet-month by line rather than per square foot. Storage is $30.00 per pallet-month in Year 1, escalating 2.5 percent a year. Handling is $18.00 per pallet round trip at one turn a month. Blast freezing is $38.00 per pallet on throughput through the 102-position cell. Export certification, identification, repack and container loading are carried at $80,000 in Year 1 rising to $100,000. At stabilization in Year 3 the plant earns $1,086,000, about $88 per occupied pallet-month all in, of which storage and handling are about $50 and blast and services the balance; the premium over the national operators' blended figure is the plant's inspection grant and blast cell, and the study's conditions require it to be documented from the seller's history before the lender relies on it.
Occupancy and Ramp
| Year | Occupancy | Occupied positions | Storage | Handling | Blast freezing | Services | Total revenue |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year 1 (2027) | 80 percent | 960 | $345,600 | $207,400 | $293,000 | $80,000 | $926,000 |
| Year 2 (2028) | 84 percent | 1,008 | $372,000 | $223,200 | $343,300 | $90,000 | $1,028,400 |
| Year 3 (2029) | 86 percent | 1,032 | $390,300 | $234,200 | $366,500 | $95,000 | $1,086,000 |
| Year 4 (2030) | 86 percent | 1,032 | $400,100 | $240,100 | $390,700 | $98,000 | $1,128,800 |
| Year 5 (2031) | 87 percent | 1,044 | $414,900 | $248,900 | $400,500 | $100,000 | $1,164,200 |
Closing is carried in the second quarter of 2027 with the plant operating through the transfer and the first full year carried as 2027. Blast utilization runs 42, 48, 50, 52 and 52 percent of cell capacity. The ramp with the anchor contract is shown; without it, occupancy runs 70, 78, 82, 84 and 85 percent and the plant covers at 1.11 times in Year 3 on the restructured debt.
Project Cost Estimate
Location: 201 N Harris St, Cordele, GA 31015 Size in SF: 25,615 Pallet positions: 1,302
| Item | As proposed | Restructured | Restructured, per position |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acquisition | |||
| Purchase price, real estate, refrigeration plant and equipment | $3,750,000 | $3,500,000 | $2,688 |
| Closing costs, title and transfer (1.5 percent) | $56,200 | $52,500 | $40 |
| Phase I, refrigeration engineer's report, equipment inspection, survey | $40,000 | $40,000 | $31 |
| Total Acquisition | $3,846,200 | $3,592,500 | $2,759 |
| Improvements | |||
| Racking, controls, door and dock upgrades | $250,000 | $250,000 | $192 |
| Total Improvements | $250,000 | $250,000 | $192 |
| Financial and Working Capital | |||
| USDA guarantee fee (3.0 percent of the guaranteed amount) | $94,100 | $83,000 | $64 |
| Bank origination fee (1 percent) | $36,900 | $32,600 | $25 |
| Legal, loan closing and the Agency's conditions | $35,000 | $35,000 | $27 |
| Permanent working capital | $200,000 | $200,000 | $154 |
| Interest and operating reserve through Year 2 | $150,000 | $150,000 | $115 |
| Total Financial and Working Capital | $516,000 | $500,600 | $384 |
| Total Subject Project Cost | $4,612,200 | $4,343,100 | $3,336 |
Source: listing; MMCG
Total project cost of $169.55 per square foot as restructured compares with recent new cold storage and food plant projects that run $306 to $379 per square foot, so the acquisition is priced near half of replacement cost per square foot; per pallet position, at $3,336 against about $2,000 for a new high-bay freezer, the plant is less efficient than modern product, which is one more reason the question in the file is income rather than price against cost. The guarantee fee is 3.0 percent of the guaranteed amount, 85 percent of the loan, and may be financed; the working capital and the reserve are eligible uses and are carried in the loan.
Loan Assumptions (as proposed)
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| LTC Ratio | 80.0% |
| Loan | $3,689,800 USDA B&I guaranteed loan from a commercial bank, 85 percent guaranteed |
| Equity | $922,400 (20.0%), the balance-sheet equity the program requires of a new business |
| Interest Rate | 8.00%, prime of 7.00 percent plus 1.00 percent (MMCG assumption) |
| Amortization | 25 years |
| Annual Debt Service | $341,700 |
Loan Assumptions (restructured)
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| LTC Ratio | 75.0% |
| Loan | $3,257,300 USDA B&I guaranteed loan, 85 percent guaranteed |
| Equity | $1,085,800 (25.0%) |
| Interest Rate | 8.00% (MMCG assumption) |
| Amortization | 30 years on real estate, within the program's 40-year limit; the lender may require a shorter term on the equipment component, carried as a sensitivity |
| Annual Debt Service | $286,800 |
The restructuring takes $250,000 out of the price, adds $163,400 of equity, and extends the amortization by five years; together they cut debt service by $54,900 a year. The larger change is the anchor contract, which adds about $140,000 of first-year revenue and is the reason the plant reaches 1.25 times in Year 3 rather than in Year 5.
USDA B&I Program Compliance
The project is eligible under 7 CFR 5001.105(b): the purchase and development of a building and infrastructure for an industrial property, machinery and equipment, permanent working capital, and, at paragraph (b)(15), a project that processes, distributes, aggregates and stores regionally produced food. Cordele, at 10,220 residents in 2020, is a rural area under 7 CFR 5001.3, which excludes cities of more than 50,000 and their adjacent urbanized areas; parcel-level confirmation through Rural Development's eligibility tool is a condition. The borrower is a new business, so the loan must carry a feasibility study prepared by an independent qualified consultant acceptable to the Agency under 7 CFR 5001.306(a)(3)(i), with the scope set by the Agency, and the borrower must show 20 percent balance-sheet equity after closing; the study carries 20 percent as proposed and 25 percent as restructured. The guarantee is 85 percent because the loan is under $5,000,000. The lender is a federally regulated bank.
The fiscal 2026 terms in the Federal Register notice of March 9, 2026 are a 3.0 percent upfront guarantee fee and a 0.55 percent annual retention fee on the guaranteed balance, with an 85 percent guarantee under $5,000,000 and a 0.50 percent fee where the loan note guarantee is issued before construction is complete, which does not apply to an acquisition. Those terms applied to loans obligated through September 30, 2026. No fiscal 2027 notice had been published at the study date, and USDA's fiscal 2027 budget documents propose to end the program; the study is written to the fiscal 2026 terms and conditions the determination on the loan being obligated at published terms. The Rural Development Georgia State Office in Athens and the Southwest Area Office in Tifton administer the program for Crisp County.
Three regulatory items sit with the refrigeration plant. The plant's refrigerant type and charge were not published; an ammonia charge of 10,000 pounds or more brings the facility under OSHA's Process Safety Management standard and EPA's Risk Management Program under 40 CFR part 68, and the refrigeration engineer's report is a condition for that reason. The EPA's May 2026 amendments to the Technology Transitions rule moved the 150 and 300 GWP limits for new cold storage systems to January 1, 2032, with an interim 700 GWP limit, so the existing plant faces no refrigerant replacement in the loan's early years. The processing room's wastewater is subject to the city's industrial user requirements, which were not published.
Operating Expenses
The Year 3 operating budget at 86 percent occupancy is built by line for a 25,615 square foot freezer plant with a blast cell in Crisp County.
| Line (Year 3) | Amount | Per occupied position per month |
|---|---|---|
| Labor, 5.5 full-time equivalents loaded | $274,200 | $22.14 |
| Electricity, Crisp County Power Commission general service | $129,600 | $10.47 |
| Gas, water, sewer and telecommunications | $19,100 | $1.54 |
| Property and liability insurance | $44,600 | $3.60 |
| Property tax, 40 percent of $3,500,000 at 32.555 mills, escalated | $47,400 | $3.83 |
| Repairs, maintenance and refrigeration service contracts | $74,300 | $6.00 |
| Administration, accounting, software and compliance | $58,300 | $4.71 |
| Sales and marketing (2 percent of revenue) | $21,700 | $1.75 |
| USDA annual retention fee (0.55 percent of the guaranteed balance) | $14,700 | $1.19 |
| Capital reserve | $31,800 | $2.57 |
| Total operating expenses | $715,700 | $57.79 |
| Net operating income | $370,300 | $29.90 |
| NOI margin | 34.1 percent |
Labor is carried at $47,000 per full-time equivalent loaded (MMCG assumption), with the general manager above and the forklift operators below that figure. Electricity is the second line and the one the tariff decides: the general service energy blocks as published were not confirmed, and the seller's bills are the evidence the lender needs. The refrigeration service contracts carry the compressors, which the listing describes as four to five years old. No management fee is carried because the operating company runs the plant, and no FF&E reserve beyond the capital reserve because the racking is new at closing.
Five-Year Pro Forma and Debt Service Coverage (Restructured)
| Line | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Storage | $345,600 | $372,000 | $390,300 | $400,100 | $414,900 |
| Handling | $207,400 | $223,200 | $234,200 | $240,100 | $248,900 |
| Blast freezing | $293,000 | $343,300 | $366,500 | $390,700 | $400,500 |
| Export, inspection and services | $80,000 | $90,000 | $95,000 | $98,000 | $100,000 |
| Total revenue | $926,000 | $1,028,400 | $1,086,000 | $1,128,800 | $1,164,200 |
| Total operating expenses | $674,900 | $695,500 | $715,700 | $736,200 | $757,100 |
| Net operating income | $251,000 | $332,900 | $370,300 | $392,600 | $407,100 |
| NOI margin | 27.1% | 32.4% | 34.1% | 34.8% | 35.0% |
| Annual debt service | $286,800 | $286,800 | $286,800 | $286,800 | $286,800 |
| Cash flow after debt service | ($35,800) | $46,100 | $83,500 | $105,800 | $120,300 |
| DSCR | 0.88x | 1.16x | 1.29x | 1.37x | 1.42x |
The plant falls $35,800 short in its first year, which the $150,000 reserve carries, covers at 1.16 times in Year 2, reaches 1.29 times in Year 3 and builds to 1.42 times by Year 5. As proposed at the ask and 20 percent equity on a 25-year amortization, the buyer's own plan at 92 percent occupancy and 60 percent blast utilization produces coverage of 1.17 times in Year 1 and 1.24 times in Year 5 against annual debt service of $341,700, and never reaches the lender's floor; on MMCG's ramp without the anchor the same structure produces 0.32 times in Year 1, 0.67 times in Year 2, 0.91 times in Year 3, 1.02 times in Year 4 and 1.06 times in Year 5, with cumulative shortfalls of about $373,000 through Year 3 against a $150,000 reserve. The as-proposed rows are the determination.
Break-Even Analysis
At Year 3 rates, with blast utilization held at 50 percent and the blast and service revenue of $461,500 treated as fixed, storage and handling earn about $7,260 a year for each percentage point of occupancy, and the plant's fixed operating cost before the 2 percent marketing line is $694,000.
| Threshold | Occupancy at Year 3 rates (restructured) |
|---|---|
| NOI break-even before debt service | 34.0 percent |
| 1.00x DSCR | 74.3 percent |
| 1.25x DSCR | 84.3 percent |
| Year 3 forecast | 86.0 percent |
The 1.25 times threshold sits two points under the forecast, which is the honest statement of the restructured credit and the reason the anchor contract is a condition rather than a comfort: with 600 positions under take-or-pay, the plant needs only about 410 positions of spot storage to meet the lender's floor at stabilization, and without it the spot market must deliver more than the national operators are achieving. The operating break-even of 34 percent is the margin of safety against a customer loss; the debt service test is the binding constraint.
Sensitivity Analysis
| Case (Year 3, restructured) | Net operating income | Debt service | DSCR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Base case | $370,300 | $286,800 | 1.29x |
| Blast utilization at 35 percent of capacity | $262,600 | $286,800 | 0.92x |
| Occupancy held at 75 percent | $292,000 | $286,800 | 1.02x |
| Electricity cost 30 percent above budget | $331,400 | $286,800 | 1.16x |
| Labor at 7.0 full-time equivalents | $295,500 | $286,800 | 1.03x |
| Interest rate of 9.00 percent | $370,300 | $314,500 | 1.18x |
| 25-year amortization | $370,300 | $301,700 | 1.23x |
| $600,000 equipment component on a 10-year term | $370,300 | $321,300 | 1.15x |
| Asking price of $3,750,000 with 30 percent equity | $367,100 | $283,200 | 1.30x |
| MMCG ramp without the anchor contract | $317,700 | $286,800 | 1.11x |
| As proposed structure with the anchor plan | $365,000 | $341,700 | 1.07x |
The restructured plant holds above 1.0 times in every single-factor case except the blast case, and that is the credit's shape: a small cold storage plant is a service business whose debt is carried by throughput, and a 15-point fall in blast utilization takes it below cover. The anchor contract and the seller's trailing volumes are the controlling conditions. Price is nearly immaterial: holding the ask and taking equity to 30 percent produces the same coverage as the price condition, which tells the lender that the restructuring is about revenue and equity, not about the seller.
Risk Factors and Mitigants
- Revenue mix. A third of revenue is blast freezing at 50 percent utilization of a 102-position cell. The study conditions on the seller's trailing twenty-four months of blast and throughput volumes and the rate card, and runs the 35 percent case at 0.92 times for the lender's record.
- Customer transfer. A new operator may lose the seller's customers. The anchor contract on 600 positions is the mitigant and a condition; without it, Year 3 coverage is 1.11 times.
- National surplus. Lineage and Americold run near 76 percent occupancy and Americold is marketing 350,000 idled positions. Little of that capacity is within 100 miles of Cordele, the one Lineage facility listed in Albany being of unpublished size, and the plant competes on service and position, not on price; the study carries storage at $30, inside the national range.
- Power. Electricity is 18 percent of operating cost, and the general service energy blocks as published were not confirmed. The commission's confirmation of the applicable schedule and the seller's bills are conditions.
- Refrigerant and process safety. The refrigerant and charge were not published. An ammonia charge above the 10,000 pound threshold brings process safety and risk management obligations and their cost. The engineer's report is a condition.
- Program terms. Fiscal 2026 terms expired on September 30, 2026, no fiscal 2027 notice had been published, and the fiscal 2027 budget proposes to end the program. The lender should obligate the loan at the earliest date the Agency permits, and the determination is conditioned on published terms.
- Equipment term. The lender may require the refrigeration equipment component to amortize over 10 years; the sensitivity shows 1.15 times at $600,000 on that term.
- Zoning. The LI district rests on the broker's statement. The city's confirmation of the district and the use is a condition.
Conditions and Limitations
The determination of not feasible as proposed and feasible as restructured is subject to the following conditions precedent on the restructured program:
- A purchase price not exceeding $3,500,000, with borrower balance-sheet equity of not less than $1,085,800, 25 percent of total project cost, a guaranteed loan of $3,257,300 amortized over not less than 30 years on the real estate component, and a funded interest and operating reserve of $150,000 held through the end of Year 2.
- An executed take-or-pay storage agreement with a regional processor or grower cooperative for not less than 600 pallet positions for not less than three years at not less than $30 per pallet-month, delivered before the loan is obligated.
- The seller's trailing twenty-four months of occupancy, throughput, blast-freezing volumes, rate card and utility bills, reconciled to the study's ramp.
- A refrigeration engineer's report on the plant, the refrigerant, the charge and the compliance obligations, and a Phase I environmental site assessment, each resolved to the lender's and the Agency's satisfaction.
- The City of Cordele's written confirmation of the LI district for parcel C40-005 and of the cold storage, processing and export uses as permitted, the industrial user permit for the processing room, and the Crisp County Power Commission's confirmation of the applicable rate schedule.
- Rural Development's confirmation of rural area eligibility for the parcel and acceptance of the feasibility study's scope, and the loan obligated at published program terms.
- The 2025 school and city millage, the assessor's valuation of the plant and the FEMA flood zone for the parcel confirmed, with the study re-run if the combined rate exceeds 36 mills.
The following items could not be verified from a primary source at the study date and are disclosed: the Crisp County assessor's record for parcel C40-005, including acreage and building area of record, assessed value and the last tax billed; the 2025 Board of Education and City of Cordele millage; the parcel's district on the city zoning map; the FEMA flood insurance rate map panel; the plant's refrigerant and charge, the age of the refrigeration plant beyond the listing's statement on the compressors, and the 29,404 square foot building area in the brochure against 25,615 on the listing; the seller's customer list, rent roll, rates and volumes; the exact block structure of Schedule 200; the city's industrial water and sewer rates and tap fees; the sizes and pallet counts of the competitors; published Georgia public warehouse rates; and the Rural Development eligibility tool result for the parcel.
What the Lender and the Agency Received
- The written determination with the as-proposed and restructured capital stacks stated side by side and the seven conditions precedent
- The eligibility analysis: the rural area test, the eligible use under 5001.105(b)(1), (3), (4) and (15), the new-business equity and the feasibility study requirement under 5001.306(a)(3)(i)
- The zoning analysis with Section 655 cited, the food processing and warehousing use language, the dimensional standards and the performance standard on odor and noise
- The site analysis with the listing, the parcel, the inland port and the interstate, and the production base from the 2022 Census of Agriculture by county
- The competitor census within 100 miles with sizes disclosed where published and the national operators' occupancy as the ceiling
- The revenue model by line and per occupied pallet-month, the occupancy ramp with and without the anchor contract, and the blast utilization assumptions
- The project cost estimate and loan assumptions in MMCG's standard format, with the guarantee fee, working capital and reserve as eligible uses
- The operating budget by line, including the tariff analysis, and the five-year pro forma with coverage by year for both structures
- The break-even occupancy at each test and the sensitivity cases, including the blast, labor, equipment-term and no-anchor cases
- The program compliance notes: the fiscal 2026 terms, the fiscal 2027 status, the process safety and refrigerant items, and the inspection grant
This model study applies the methodology described on MMCG's cold storage feasibility study and USDA feasibility study pages. MMCG prepares cold storage and food processing feasibility studies for USDA Business and Industry, SBA 7(a) and 504 and conventional lenders nationwide, with delivery in 9 to 16 business days.
Sources
- Showcase and CityFeet copies of the Bird Commercial Real Estate listing, 201 N Harris St, Cordele, GA 31015, accessed October 2026; Coldwell Banker Commercial Kennon and Parker brochure as cited in the listing record
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, inspected establishment record, Cordele Cold Storage and Food Processing, LLC, establishment I54264 and V54264
- City of Cordele, Georgia, Zoning Ordinance, Sections 510.3, 510.4, 520, 550.3, 655 and 660, as mirrored by Zoneomics; Code of Ordinances through Ordinance 2025-02 on Municode
- Crisp County, Georgia, 2026 Current Tax Digest and Five Year History of Levy, notice for the September 10, 2026 called meeting; Cordele Dispatch, Crisp County Board of Education millage, January 28, 2025
- Crisp County Power Commission, Rate Schedules effective January 2025, Schedules 200, 214 and 310; Crisp County Power Commission history page
- Cordele-Crisp Industrial Development Council, infrastructure page; City of Cordele, Water and Sewer Department page
- U.S. Census Bureau, QuickFacts, Cordele city and Crisp County, Georgia, 2020 census and July 1, 2025 estimates
- USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2022 Census of Agriculture, County Profiles for Crisp, Dooly, Sumter, Turner, Worth, Wilcox and Dougherty counties, Georgia; Capacity of Refrigerated Warehouses, 2025 Summary, February 2026
- University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 2026 outlook on fruit and nut production, January 2026
- Georgia Trend, Cordele Intermodal Services, October 31, 2022; Supply Chain Management Review and Progressive Railroading, Georgia Ports Authority and Cordele inland port agreements
- Food Logistics, BandD Foods eastern headquarters in Americus, October 2020; Office of Congressman Sanford Bishop, USDA loan guarantees for Hardee Fresh, January 19, 2024; Choose Albany, food and beverage manufacturers
- WCTV, P&B Cold Storage, Valdosta, May 29, 2024; Pulse 2.0 and The National Provisioner, Vertical Cold Storage acquisitions in Dothan, Alabama, 2024 and 2026; Georgia Department of Economic Development, Ti Cold and Karis Cold, McIntosh County, July 9, 2025; Food Manufacturing, Vertical Cold Storage Pooler acquisition
- Lineage, Inc., second quarter 2026 results and Form 10-Q; Americold Realty Trust, second quarter 2026 results and investor presentation
- Racklify, temperature-controlled warehouse pricing guide, September 23, 2026
- Cost benchmarks: Louisiana Illuminator, Agile Cold Storage, March 2024; ABC11, Cold-Link Logistics, Lumberton, February 2025; Trade and Industry Development, Whitewater Processing, August 2025; Business Alabama, Maximus Meats, March 2025
- 7 CFR 5001.3, 5001.105, 5001.306 and 5001.406; Federal Register, OneRD annual notice of guarantee fee rates and loan guarantee percentages for fiscal 2026, March 9, 2026; USDA Rural Development, Business and Industry Guaranteed Loan Program, Georgia page and Georgia contacts; USDA FY 2027 Budget Summary and Rural Business-Cooperative Service explanatory notes
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Technology Transitions rule amendments, May 2026; 40 CFR part 68; OSHA Process Safety Management standard, 29 CFR 1910.119
